Day 3 :
- Track 8 & 9: Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Analysis
Track 11 & 12: Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Chair
Shih-Jen Liu
National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan
Co-Chair
K Subramanian
Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, India
Session Introduction
Shih-Jen Liu
National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan
Title: Recombinant lipoprotein-based immunotherapy against human papillomavirus-associated cancer
Time : 09:30-09:50 AM
Biography:
Shih-Jen Liu received his Ph.D. degree in life Science from National Defense Medical Center at 1998. He is now an Investigator at National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology in National health Research Institutes. His works have received numerous honors. The “Therapeutic HPV Vaccine” was awarded the ninth “National Innovation Award” by the Institute for Biotechnology and Medicine Industry (2013). He has more than 60 publications and numerous patents. His work has had a tremendous impact on elucidating the vaccinology and immunology of development of therapeutic vaccines to HPV-associated cancers.
Abstract:
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) infection could account for the development of several cancers, in particular, the cervical cancer which is the second leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Although prophylactic HPV vaccines have been used in many countries, the vaccine coverage rate is still low and cost is high. Therefore, to control of HPV-associated cancer mortality, therapeutic medicine is still an urgent need. It is known that the E7 oncoprotein of human papillomavirus (HPV) is an ideal target for developing immunotherapeutic strategies against HPV-associated tumors. In our previous studies, we reported that the recombinant lipoprotein containing inactive E7 (E7m) biologically linking with bacterial lipid moiety was able to activate the maturation of mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells through toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), skew the immune responses toward the Th1, and induce the E7-specific CTL responses. However, the anti-tumor effects of rlipo-E7m are limited in small tumor. To increase the anti-tumor effects on large tumor, the innate receptor agonists were used for combination therapy. We found that a TLR9 agonist synergistically enhances CTL responses and eradicates large tumors (6-8 mm in diameter) when combined with rlipo-E7m. Furthermore, we observed that combined treatment with rlipo-E7m and CpG ODN effectively increases tumor infiltrating CTLs and reduces the numbers of immunosuppressive cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), macrophages and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the tumor microenvironment. These findings suggest that the dramatic anti-tumor effects of the recombinant lipoprotein together with CpG ODN might be applied for the development of additional therapeutic cancer vaccines.
K Subramanian
Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, India
Title: Engineering of gelatin for controlled drug delivery applications
Time : 09:50-10:10 AM
Biography:
K Subramanian ahs completed MSc in 1978, Madras University, PhD in Polymer Chemistry in 1996, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India & Hon. DSc in 2007, Yorker International University, Italy. He worked as a R&D Scientist from 1980-2002 on polymers, chemicals & materials for space applications, Indian Space Research Organization, Government of India, India. He was a Senior Professor since 2002 onwards, Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, India. His current research focus are polymer carriers for controlled drug delivery, superabsorbent polymers, microbial fuel cell, effluent treatment, biofuel, polymer nanoparticle as drug carriers etc. He is a Member of American Chemical Society (2006 onwards) and was a Member of American Association for Advancement of Science, USA. He has published more than 30 original research papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
Gelatin has been extensively investigated as a delivery vehicle for many classes of drugs because of its inherent biocompatibility, nontoxicity, biodegradability, and improved pharmacokinetic profile and drug efficacy. Million pounds of gelatin is used annually for various pharmaceutical uses. Its digestive process confers very low antigenicity with the formation of harmless bioresorbable metabolic degradation products. Gelatin has also proven to be versatile by its intrinsic features that enable loading of various bioactive molecules either by alkaline or acidic treatment or by tailoring its structure, hydrophobicity and isoelectric point, based on the structure and properties of the desired drug. The aqueous high solubility, heterogeneity in molecular weight, poor structural and thermal stability of gelatin which may not promote a controlled drug delivery, can be fine- tuned independently to optimize drug loading, swellability and reproducible release kinetics by altering its molecular weight, hydrophobicity and crosslink density. This promoted gelatin as an exceptionally adaptable drug carrier as evidenced by its applications in controlled delivery, tissue engineering, cancer therapy, therapeutic angiogenesis and gene therapy. The presence of cell –recognition motif such as Arg-Gly-Asp in its structure which improves the final biological performance of gelatin over synthetic polymers, availability of a wide variety of bioactive agents, production of human recombinant gelatin and the synergistic use of gelatin with several other materials resulted in the development of more advanced gelatin based controlled release systems. It may serve as a potential carrier for controlled oral delivery of peptides and protein drugs for the treatment of numerous diseases. Gelatin based carrier matrices such as microparticles, nanoparticles, hydrogels, fibers etc. can be fabricated for controlled-release of drugs. The present lecture will review the studies on the gelatin and modified gelatin as controlled drug delivery vehicles along with our original research work on characterization and in vitro evaluation of the drug delivery features of diisocyanate crosslinked gelatin hydrogel as a carrier for controlled drug delivery taking 5-fluorouracil and theophylline as model drugs.
Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan
Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
Title: Biochemical production of fatty acid sugar-based biosurfactant (FASB) via green enzymatic route as potential application in pharmaceutical
Time : 10:10-10:30 AM
Biography:
Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan has completed his PhD from Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science). She was appointed as a Senior Lecturer in 2012 at the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM). She has pursued for Postdoctoral studies at School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom (2013-2015). She is a member of Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Group (UPM) and Asian Federation of Biotechnology (AFOB).
Abstract:
Enzymatic processes offer an alternative for the synthesis of bio-surfactants through the employment of biocatalysts, which allow for a mild reaction condition and high selectivity. Fatty acid sugar esters, a group of biosurfactants, are produced by the esterification of sugars with fatty acids. They are odorless , non-toxic and non-irritant to the skin, making them suitable not only as emulsifiers for foods, but also in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Moreover, due to their high biodegradability and varied range of hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) values, the study and production of sugar esters have attracted keen attention from many researchers. A biochemical approach has been implemented through the use of lipase immobilized on an inexpensive carrier of mica clay as biocatalyst. The synthesis of fatty acid sugar esters or fatty acid sugar-based biosurfactants was optimized via various reaction parameters before conducting product characterization and validation. High enzyme stability and productivity were successfully performed through biocatalytic system. Furthermore, an optimized reaction parameters studied was achieved for the synthesis of fatty acid sugar sugar-based biosurfactants. The synthesized biosurfactant (or specifically lactose caprate, with molecular formula C22H40O12) was characterized to examine their efficacy for industrial application. This study showed that the biosurfactant derived from lactose and capric acid had an HLB value of 14.88, which is suitable for the preparation of oil-in-water emulsions. In addition, this non-ionic biosurfactant was found to behave like a water-soluble surfactant and an oil-in-water emulsifier which potentially used for food products, pharmaceuticals and detergent industries.
S Rajkumar Immanuel
The American College, India
Title: Bioethanol production from Banana pseudostem by recombinant yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an sustainable energy
Time : 10:30-10:50 AM
Biography:
S Rajkumar Immanuel has completed his PhD in Biotechnology at Anna University. He was the recipient of the Young Scientist Award conferred by Tamilnadu State Science & Technology. He had received the International visiting scholar fellowship from Oberlin College, Ohio, USA. He has published number of papers in reputed journals. He is the Director-in-charge of post graduate Environmental Science program and has been serving as an associate professor in botany.
Abstract:
The conversion of plant cellulose biomass to fuel ethanol by microbial fermentation is the priority area of research, and the use of industrially suited microorganisms for the cost-effective biofuel production is the major technical challenge. Bioethanol is a promising renewable energy source, eco-friendly and causes maximum reduction of negative environmental impacts generated by the worldwide utilization of fossil fuels. India is amongst the largest banana (Musa balbisiana) producing countries and thus banana pseudo stem is commonly available agricultural waste to be used as lignocellulosic substrate. Present study focuses on exploitation of banana pseudo stem as a source for bioethanol production by using recombinant yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Various pretreatment techniques namely dilute hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide combined with high pressure steam treatment and steam autoclaving treatment were conducted for mechanically pretreated banana pseudo stem and sugarcane bagaasse (milled ~ 150 mesh) for different time intervals (5, 10 and 15 min). The recombinant S. cerevisiae strain expressing cellulase gene was used for ethanol production using 4% Nacl pretreated banana pseudo stem, 2% NaOH pretreated Coir Pith and 4% NaOH pretreated Sugarcane bagasse as substrates were used by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation method at the optimized process conditions to degrade hemicellulose and lignin to facilitate maximum release of reducing sugars. The hydrolysate obtained after acid, alkali and physical treatments was fermented by recombinant S. cerevisiae. It was observed that the recombinant S. cerevisiae strain was found to ferment ethanol from pretreated cellulosic substrates and produced ethanol 13% (using 4% NaOH pretreated banana pseudo stem), 6% (using 2%NaOH pretreated coir pith) and 8% (using 4% HCl pretreated sugarcane bagasse). The genetically engineered S. cerevisiae could surpass the traditional first generation bioethanol processes by promising for higher alcohol tolerance and conversion efficiency using pretreated banana pseudo stem as a cheaper substrate for ethanol production.
Sawsan Mohamed Amer
Cairo University, Egypt
Title: Quality by design approach for development of stability indicating method for determination of cefditoren pivoxil
Time : 11:10-11:30 AM
Biography:
Sawsan Mohamed Amer has completed her PhD from Cairo University and Postdoctoral studies from the same University, Faculty of Pharmacy. She is the Professor of Analytical Chemistry from 2003 till present & Head of Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University from 2010 till present. She has published more than 50 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as a reviewer & Editorial Board Member of many journals. She supervised more than 10 master degree & more than 10 PhD degrees. She has contributed as an external examiner in more than 12 thesis discussion.
Abstract:
A hybrid development strategy of Quality by design (QbD) and one factor at time (OFAT) approaches was used to develop a stability indicating HPLC method for quantitative determination of cefditoren pivoxil (CTP) in bulk powder and pharmaceutical formulations. A forced degradation studies were performed under acid, alkaline, thermal and photolytic stress conditions. Chromatographic separation achieved in less than 10 min. using a RP C-18 column, mobile phase [methanol: acetate buffer pH4.5 (55:45, v/v)], flow rate 1.5mLmin-1 and UV detection at 225 nm. Optimization of column, pH, and wavelength implemented according to OFAT approach, while elution temperature and methanol content in the mobile phase considering QbD approach. The method was validated including specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy and robustness. The drug response was linear (r=0.9999) in range of 89-672 μgmL-1, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 5.31 μgmL-1 and 16.1 μgmL-1, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precisions were 0.11%, 0.44% respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of CTP in bulk and tablets with acceptable accuracy and precisions. The results demonstrated that the method would have a great value when applied in quality control and stability studies for CTP.
R M Ezhilarasi and S Mahalakshmi
Guru Nanak College, India
Title: Microwave assisted synthesis and characterization of pyrazoline derivatives from chalcones and (4-fluorophenylthio) acetic acid hydrazide
Time : 11:30-11:50 AM
Biography:
R M Ezhilarasi is Associate Professor in the department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak College, Chennai, India. Her field of research is synthetic organic chemistry. She teaches graduate and post graduate students and guided a number of students in their projects. She is the co-author of the book ‘A simple approach to group theory in chemistry’. S Mahalakshmi is Associate Professor and Head, Department of Chemistry, Pachaiyappa’s College, Chennai. She has more than 30 years of teaching under graduate and post graduate students and research experience. Her field of research is organic chemistry. She has guided many students for the award of M.Phil. and Ph.D.
Abstract:
Pyrazolines are well known important bioorganic molecules. Some new pyrazolines were synthesized by the cyclocondensation of chalcones derived from substituted acetophenone and substituted benzaldehyde with (4-fluorophenylthio) acetic acid hydrazide. Cycocondensation was carried out by refluxing glacial acetic acid solution of reactants with a catalytic amount of polyphosphoric acid and also by subjecting the same reaction mixture to MWI. Both the reactions gave the same products with a yield of 65-70%. MWI required lesser reaction time for the completion of the reaction. Products synthesized were characterized by spectral data.
Khalid Mohammed Khan
University of Karachi, Pakistan
Title: Biochemical approaches for diabetic management
Time : 11:50-12:10 PM
Biography:
Prof. Dr. Khalid Mohammed Khan has completed his Ph. D. at the age of 30 years from University of Karachi, Pakistan and postdoctoral studies from Tuebingen University, Germany. He is the senior professor at H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi. He has published more than 500 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of repute.
Abstract:
Diabetes mellitus is the most prevalent metabolic syndrome world-wide, characterized by hyperglycemia (increase in glucose level) resulting in various short-term metabolic changes in lipid and protein metabolism and long-term irreversible vascular changes. When proteins are exposed to elevated levels of glucose a series of non-enzymatic chemical reactions occur that lead to the gradual build-up of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in body tissues that cause various complications in the body. Hyperglycemia, affects eyes (cataract), blood vessels (atherosclerosis), nerves (neuropathy), kidney (nephropathy) and cause impaired wound healing. Postprandial hyperglycemia is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Non-enzymatic models for anti-glycation i.e; (BSA-MG) and enzymatic model α-glucosidase inhibition will be discussed. In glycation, reactive intermediate methylglyoxal (MG) binds with amino acid more easily than its carbohydrate precursor. Serum albumin, which is 80% of blood protein, is more prone to non-enzymatic glycation. Inhibition of protein glycation due to hyperglycemia is therefore an important and attractive approach towards the prevention and management of late diabetic complications. α-Glucosidase is an enzyme responsible for the conversion of complex carbohydrates to glucose. Keeping this in view, our group is working for investigation of novel anti-glycating agents.. Based on virtual screening results, we have synthesized several classes of compounds and evaluated them for their in vitro and in vivo α-glucosidase inhibitory potential and methylglyoxal binding potential. All these interesting results will be discussed in detail during talk.
Jineet Kumar Gawad
St. John Institute of Pharmacy & Research, India
Title: Development and validation of stability indicating reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic methods for determination of Ibandronate sodium and it’s impurities in tablet dosage form
Biography:
Currently Jineetkumar B. Gawad is working as Assistant Professor at SJIPR, Maharashtra, India. He received his post-graduate degree in 2012 from North Maharashtra University. He has published over 30 papers in several national and international journals. His research title of M. Pharmacy has published by Lambert Academic Publications, Germany. His five research papers on HPTLC received certificate of participation by “Dr. P. D. Sethi Annual Best Research Paper Award for Chemical Analysis†in the 2014. He is an Advisory/Editorial Board Member of 07 journals and reviewer of 08 journals. Few of them are from Brazil and USA.
Abstract:
Simple, accurate, precise and sensitive liquid chromatographic methods have been developed for the determination of ibandronate sodium drug substance in bulk and tablet dosage form. The separation was achieved on Hypersil BDS C18 column (250mm X 4.6mm), 5μm particle diameter. The mobile phase consisted of Buffer: ACN (95:05) v/v; flow rate 1.0 ml min−1 at ambient temperature. The analytes were monitored by PDA detector. The average recoveries for ibandronate were in the range of 99.0–102.0%. The drug substance was subjected to stress conditions of hydrolysis, oxidation, photolytic, thermal and humidity degradation. Considerable degradation was achieved under thermal condition. Mass balance was demonstrated in all stress conditions. The method was validated for specificity, precision, linearity, solution stability and accuracy. Another method is developed for determination of impurities (phosphate and phosphite) of ibandronate sodium. The separation was achieved on AllsepTM anion column 150mm×4.6mm, 7μm particle diameter. The mobile phase consisted of 0.2% (v/v) aqueous formic acid with pH 3.1 and ACN 95:5% (v/v); flow rate 0.5 ml min−1 at ambient temperature. The analytes were monitored by refractive index detector. The drug substance was subjected to stress conditions of hydrolysis, oxidation, photolytic, thermal and humidity degradation. Considerable degradation was achieved only under oxidative condition. Mass balance was demonstrated in all stress conditions. The method was validated for specificity, precision, linearity, solution stability and accuracy. The average recoveries for impurities and ibandronate were in the range of 99.0–102.0% and both methods can be successfully applied for the routine analysis of ibandronate sodium.
Tamrat Balcha Balla
Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
Title: Isolation, characterization and evaluation of disintegrant properties of Taro boloso-i (colocasia esculenta cultivar) starch
Biography:
Tamrat Balcha completed his B. Pharm from Jimma University, MSc in Pharmaceutics from Addis Ababa University.
Abstract:
Starch, as a natural polymer, is sought preferentially after either to semi-synthetic or synthetic ones in drug delivery. Taro Boloso-I is a new variety of Colocasia esculenta officially released in Ethiopia and its cultivation out yields the other varieties by 67%. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize the starch from this plant and also to evaluate its potential tablet disintegrant properties. Starch was extracted from Taro Boloso-I using saline solution and sodium hydroxide. Various experimental methods were applied for its characterizations. Central composite design was used for optimization of concentration of the starch used as disintegrant and compression force as factors to have best combination of hardness, friability and disintegration time of the tablets. Yield of starch from Taro Boloso-I on dry weight basis was 83.5 ± 1.6%. The native Taro Boloso-I starch (NTB1S) showed lower amylose to amylopectin ratio (20.7 ± 1.8% to 77.3 ± 2.1%, w/w) higher onset, peak and endset temperatures of gelatinization than potato starch. Its granules are polyhedral/angular shape, A-type polymorph and cohesive. In all of these, Taro Boloso-I starch not only significantly differs from the previously reported taro varieties in Ethiopia but also shares more of properties of rice (cereal) starch. This study revealed that, if used as a disintegrant for fast dissolving tablets, NTB1S can result in better hardness and friability. It is a novel native starch in both its physicochemical properties and its potential disintegration effects.
John Paul T Toting
Centro Escolar University, Philippines
Title: Formulation of hand sanitizer gel using the semi-purified flavonoids from the outer coverings of the red creole variety of allium cepa linn family alliaceae
Biography:
John Paul T. Toting graduated with the degree BS Pharmacy on April 2015 at Centro Escolar University, Malolos, Bulacan. Currently, he is teaching professional pharmacy subjects in the same university and is currently pursuing his MS Pharmacy with specialization in Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy at Adamson University, Ermita, Manila. He was the former FJCPPhA National Asst. Secretary (2013), and National Auditor (2014), while at the same time serving as the president for the JPPhA Beta Chapter (2013-2015). Their undergraduate research entitled: Formulation of Hand Sanitizer Gel using the Semi-Purified Flavonoids from the outer coverings of the Red Creole variety of Allium cepa Linn. family Alliaceae, was already been presented in various research symposia inside the university and was been recognized as the Best Research during the 1st University Belt National Research Consortium.
Abstract:
This research focuses on the formulation of hand sanitizer gel using the semi-purified flavonoids from the outer coverings of the Red creole variety of Allium cepa L. fam. Alliaceae. This study utilizes the experimental method of research. The agar cup diffusion method was used in determining the antibacterial activity of formulation with 40% semi-purified extract as compared to the two (2) locally available leading hand sanitizer brands. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Micrococcus luteus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella typimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus cereus were utilized as test organisms. The Formulation exhibited antibacterial activity against 8 of 10 bacteria used in the experiment, while Brand A exhibited antibacterial activity against 1 of 10 bacteria and Brand B manifested an antibacterial activity against 4 out 10 of bacteria utilized in the microbial assay. Moreover, based on the result of the primary skin irritation test, the formulation is perceptibly not capable of causing irritation to the skin when applied topically. The researchers recommends that thorough investigation of the semi – purified flavonoid extract using instrumental method of analysis and isolation of the pure flavonoid should be conducted in order to determine the specific flavonoid that exhibits the antibacterial activity.
Alyssa Marie P Hizon
University of Santo Tomas, Philippines
Title: Perception of filipino community pharmacists in manila on pharmacy-based immunization program
Biography:
Alyssa Marie P. Hizon is an undergraduate of the University of Santo Tomas Faculty of Pharmacy Major in Clinical Pharmacy and is a constant dean’s lister since her first year of college. She served as a class officer for three consecutive years until this year. She is also an active member of her organizations, The Clinical Pharmacy Society and Lingkod ER and manages to attend voluntary works. Having a young experience in the research field, she manages to present her other thesis paper in different conferences.
Abstract:
Immunization is one of the paramount achievements in public health during the 20th century (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Increasing cases of vaccine-preventable diseases and low vaccination rates had led the pharmacists in other countries to expand their roles in the administration of vaccines. In the Philippines, vaccine-preventable diseases continue to escalate. Moreover, vaccination among adults remains to be uncovered in the Expanded Program on Immunization of the Department of Health (Robles, 2015). Thus, the Philippine Pharmacists’ Association and Food and Drug Administration plan to implement a program authorizing FDA-trained community pharmacists to administer vaccines. This study aimed to describe the perceptions of the selected Filipino community pharmacists in Manila regarding the administration of adult vaccines. A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed to licensed community pharmacists and a response rate of 87.67% was obtained. A 5-point Likert scale was used to measure their perception in each category. The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19. Results showed that more than half (69%) supported the pharmacy-based immunization program. Most community pharmacists agreed on the statements regarding the competence of the pharmacist to immunize (mean = 4.19 + 0.564), the increased accessibility of vaccinations to the community (mean= 4.10 + 0.582), the positive effects of the program to their professional services (mean = 3.71 + 0.535) and the readiness of their pharmacy (mean= 3.72 + 0.793) to adapt the program. In conclusion, community pharmacists conveyed a high acceptance level towards pharmacy-based immunization program.
Michael G Cuevas
University of Santo Tomas, Philippines
Title: The anti-obesity effects of the aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts of Blumea balsamifera diet-induced obese sprague-dawley rats
Biography:
The paper is authored by Fourth year Pharmacy students of the University of Santo Tomas Faculty of Pharmacy in Manila, Philippines. They were advised by Faculty members from the same university. The research paper had been presented for defense on December 2015 in the above mentioned institution.
Abstract:
Previous in vitro study conducted on Blumea balsamifera leaf extract proved that it has a strong anti-obesity potential by inhibiting adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Blumea balsamifera aqueous (BBAE) and ethanolic (BBEE) leaf extracts in managing obesity of diet-induced obese Sprague-Dawley rats. Induction of obesity was done by feeding the groups with a high fat diet (HFD) for 21 days with the exception of one group that received a standard diet (SD). Administration of the treatment was given for 24 days via oral gavage with the following doses: 300mg/kg BBAE and BBEE, 600mg/kg BBAE and BBEE, and 21.6mg/kg Orlistat. The Lee’s index and lipid profile of the groups were compared during the post induction and post treatment period. 600mg/kg dose of BBAE and BBEE had greatly lowered the Lee’s index among the other doses. 300 mg/Kg dose BBEE, 600 mg/Kg BBAE, and 300 mg/kg BBAE lowered the total cholesterol level, LDL level, and VLDL and total triglyceride level respectively. The extracts, however, lowered the HDL level which was also exhibited by the standard drug, Orlistat.
Biography:
Nicole Eileen M. Bagon, a constant dean’s lister, is currently studying at University of Santo Tomas - Faculty of Pharmacy. She is a member of UST Lingkod E.R., a public health-oriented organization in UST that promotes awareness and develops emergency care in both hospital and community settings.
Abstract:
Tinospora cordifolia (Menispermaceae), commonly known as “Makabuhayâ€, is known for its immense application in the treatment of various diseases in the traditional ayurvedic literatures. This medicinal plant, which is found in most or in all islands of the Philippines has wide array of physiological roles, thereby signifying the versatility of the plant [1]. However, there was no scientific evidence justifying the use of T. cordifolia as an anti-inflammatory and wound-healing gel formulation. Thus, this study was initiated to formulate, characterize and evaluate the effectiveness of crude plant extract incorporated in gel base, in concentrations of 5% (w/v) and 10% (w/v) as a wound healing and anti-inflammatory gel preparations. Seven gel formulations were prepared and the physical attributes were observed to identify one formulation with desirable characteristics. The viscosity, pH, spreadability, consistency, and homogeneity of the selected formulation were examined. Both gel concentrations were assessed using incision wound model in Sprague-Dawley rats and formalin-induced rat paw edema method, which showed significant increase in tensile strength (p<0.05) of the wound compared to Curiosin gel and decrease in mean paw size (p<0.001) of the rats compared to Voltaren as reference drugs, respectively. The 10% gel concentration has more enhanced wound healing and anti-inflammatory activity compared to the 5% gel concentration exhibited in both tests. In parallel, Scratch and Patch tests in albino rabbits were performed to determine primary skin irritation effect. Both 5% and 10% T. cordifolia gels exhibited negligible irritant property, thus, they can be used safely as topical preparation to treat wounds and inflammation.
Imei Tiongco
University of Santo Tomas, Philippines
Title: Evaluation study of the diuretic and blood pressure lowering effect of the methanolic extract of Pachyrhizus erosus tubers in male sprague-dawley rats
Biography:
The authors namely: Ms. Bettina Maria Acuna, Mr. Jan Michael Salcedo, Ms. Charisse Semillano, Ms. Mariel Sta Ana, Ms. Ida Maribeth Timbol, Ms. Imei Tiongco and Mr. Ranel Uy, are all 5th year students of BS Pharmacy Major in Clinical Pharmacy in University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines.
Abstract:
Hypertension is a condition in which the arteries have persistently elevated blood pressure. Diuretic based therapy has been proven effective in reducing morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients. The goal of this study is to determine whether the methanolic extract of Pachyrhizus erosus tubers has diuretic and blood-pressure lowering effect. Pachyrhizus erosus exhibits a variety of pharmacological use including the utilization of its tubers through decoction which is said to be diuretic based on folkloric use. The study utilized 25 male Sprague-Dawley rats divided into five groups with five rats each. Hypertension was induced to all of the test subjects through the subcutaneous injection of Cyclosporin A with a dose of 25 mg/kgBW. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured using a Non-invasive Blood Pressure apparatus utilizing tail cuffs. Then, two groups were set as positive (Hydrochlorothiazide) and negative (water) controls. The other three were given varying doses of the methanolic extract of the tubers of Pachyrhizus erosus: 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg orally. During the whole course of treatment, the SBP of the subjects were consistently monitored. The urine output was also recorded based on schedule, 8 hours a day, using a metabolic cage. Statistical tests were used to determine significant changes. The methanolic extract of the tubers of Pachyrhizus erosus showed potential blood pressure lowering activity at a dose of 200 mg/kg and possibly on higher doses. The diuretic effect was only exhibited at the 50 mg/kg dose and cannot be suggestive of potential therapeutic activity.
Justine Claveria Tanael
University of Santo Tomas, Philippines
Title: Perception of filipino community pharmacists in manila on pharmacy-based immunization program
Biography:
Justine Tanael is currently taking up Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy Major in Clinical Pharmacy in the University of Santo Tomas. She was a member or of Junior Pharmacists’ Association Gamma Chapter in academic year 2012-2013, Red Cross Pharmacy Unit in 2013-2014, Rotaract Club of UST in 2014-2015, and currently a member of Clinical Pharmacy Society. She finished her secondary education in Ednas School of Dagupan City in Pangasinan where she graduated with high honors. She is also a consistent dean’s lister in the Faculty of Pharmacy.
Abstract:
Increasing cases of vaccine-preventable diseases and low vaccination rates among adults had led the pharmacists in other countries to become key players in disease prevention by expanding their roles in the administration of vaccines. In the Philippines, vaccine-preventable diseases continue to escalate. Moreover, vaccination among adults remains to be uncovered in the Expanded Program on Immunization of the Department of Health (Robles, 2015). Thus, the Philippine Pharmacists’ Association and Food and Drug Administration tailored a plan to implement a program authorizing FDA-trained community pharmacists to administer vaccines. This study aimed to describe the perceptions of the selected Filipino community pharmacists in Manila regarding the administration of adult vaccines. Through convenience and random sampling, a total of 300 questionnaires were distributed to licensed community pharmacists in the City of Manila and only 263 questionnaires returned which gave a response rate of 87.67%. A 5-point Likert scale was used to measure their perception in each category. The collected data were encoded and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19. Spearman’s Rank-Order Correlation, Mann-Whitney U Test, Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA and Fisher’s Exact Test were the biostatistical analyses used. Results showed that more than half of the respondents supported (69%) the pharmacy-based immunization program. Most community pharmacists agreed on the statements regarding the competence of the pharmacist to immunize (mean = 4.19 + 0.564), the increased accessibility of vaccinations to the community (mean= 4.10 + 0.582), the positive effects of the program to their professional services (mean = 3.71 + 0.535) and the readiness of their pharmacy (mean= 3.72 + 0.793) to adapt the program. In conclusion, community pharmacists conveyed a high acceptance level towards pharmacy-based immunization program.
Michelle S Tolentino
University of Santo Tomas, Philippines
Title: Evaluation of the wound healing activity of the ethyl acetate fraction of Artemisia vulgaris linn (Asteraceae)
Biography:
Michelle S Tolentino is a student of Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy Major in Clinical Pharmacy in the University of Santo Tomas.
Abstract:
Artemisia vulgaris is a plant commonly found in the Philippines that is folklorically used for different ailments. Pharmacological studies have revealed that the methanolic extract of the plant exhibit significant antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activity, which may contribute to wound healing property. This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacologic use of Artemisia vulgaris as a wound healing agent. The powdered leaves of the plant were percolated in 80% methanol and the crude methanolic extract was subjected to fractionation using chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol as solvents. The presence of tannins in the crude, ethyl acetate, and butanol fractions was confirmed using the ferric chloride test. The total phenolic content(TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of the different fractions were measured using gallic acid and quercetin as standards, respectively. Results showed that ethyl acetate fraction yielded the highest phenol (418.556 mg GAE/g sample)and flavonoid (441.135 mg quercetin equivalent/g sample) content while Chloroform had the lowest phenol content and crude methanolic extract has the lowest flavonoid content. The ethyl acetate fraction was used in the in vivo testing and prepared into 25% w/v (Group C) and 50% w/v (Group D)of suspensions using Tween 80 as suspending agent. Wound healing capacity of the plant was assessed in the excision wound model and incision wound mode against 2% Mupirocin ointment (Group B) as standard drug and Distilled water (Group A) as the negative control. In the excision model, percent wound contraction which yielded a statistical difference within the group (p=0.011) but no significant statistical difference between groups (p=0.254).In the incision model, mean wound breaking strength of Group A (263.133 ± 10.90434), Group B (393.45 ± 11.79477), Group C (311.0333 ± 7.375947), and Group D (300.3333 ± 5.703332). Statistically significant difference on the wound breaking strength was observed among groups (p<0.001). The wound breaking strength of Group A was statistically significant with Group B (p>0.001), Group C (p=0.025), and Group D (p=0.004). Group B did not exhibit significant difference between Group C (p=0.101) and Group D (p=0.453). Group C did not show statistically significant difference with Group D (p=0.795). The wound breaking strength of the experimental groups is more likely similar to the positive control rather than the negative control. Histopathological examination was also performed in the incision models. The fibroblast proliferation (p=0.410), formation of new capillaries (p=0.384), collagen maturation (p=0.950) and granuloma tissue formation (p=0.396) data between groups did not exhibit statistical difference. Tensile strength and fibroblast proliferation exhibits a strong correlation (r=0.9137).There is no sufficient scientific evidence to prove the wound healing activity of Artemisia vulgaris based on the parameters observes.
Kristiana Margarette C Romina
University of Santo Tomas, Philippines
Title: In vitro ovicidal activity of Lansium domesticum (meliaceae) bark extracts on ascaris lumbricoides
Biography:
The group is in their fourth year in college as BS Pharmacy students at the University of Santo Tomas in Manila, Philippines. Ms. Palma is a consistent dean’s lister and was an intern at several excellent companies like The Generics Pharmacy, East Avenue Medical Center, and Compact Pharmaceuticals Corporation. Ms. Perez became an intern at Mercury Drugstore, Jose R. Reyes Memorial Medical Center, and at the Philippine Food and Drug Administration. Ms. Refuerzo interned at Mercury Drugstore, Quirino Memorial Medical Center, and at Hizon Laboratories. Ms. Reyes was an intern at The Generics Pharmacy, East Avenue Medical Center, and at the Philippine Food and Drug Administration. Ms. Romina is consistently in the dean’s list and was an intern at Watsons Drugstore, The Medical City, and at Parexel International. And Ms. Salvadora became an intern at Mercury Drugstore, East Avenue Medical Center, and at Hizon Laboratories.
Abstract:
Intestinal worm infestations caused by Ascaris lumbricoides have become one of the principal causes of malnutrition among Filipino children. These soil-transmitted helminths are developing resistance against commonly used anthelmintic drug treatments due to increased dosing and repeated use of the same drug. Reinfections with these helminths also occur over time. These alarming situations merit a search for alternative treatments. Studies have shown that the bark of Lansium domesticum is effective in treating pain in the gastrointestinal tract caused by intestinal worm infestations. This study evaluated the ovicidal activity of L. domesticum through in vitro testing against Ascaris lumbricoides. The methanolic bark extract of Lansium domesticum was obtained through percolation and the crude extract was fractionated using chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. The extracts were found to contain tannins, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and anthraquinones. The different fractions contain a variety of phytochemical constituents. The crude extract yielded the highest condensed tannin content of 147mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g sample, followed by ethyl acetate, chloroform and n-butanol fractions with 88mg GAE/g, 28.6mg GAE/g and 28.4 mg GAE/g, respectively. The Egg Hatch Test was used to assess the effect of each crude extract and fractions on the viability of Ascaris lumbricoides eggs. After 48 hours, Albendazole 60mg/mL and Crude 120mg/mL were found to have similar ovicidal effect (p=0.104). After 96 hours, Albendazole 60mg/mL, Crude 120mg/mL, Ethyl acetate 60mg/mL and Chloroform 120mg/mL exhibited comparable ovicidal effect (p=0.470). The other extractives did not show ovicidal effect. The Ova Analysis was used to assess the effect of the test materials on larvae development after incubation in soil set-up. The crude 120mg/ml, ethyl acetate 60mg/ml and chloroform 120mg/mL showed similar ovicidal effect on egg development (p=0.052), although the effect was not equivalent to that of standard drug. All the other extractives did not adversely affect egg development (p=0.321). In vitro studies revealed that the crude, ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts of L. domesticum at 120mg/mL possess ovicidal effect against A. Lumbricoides and may be explored as potential alternative to commercially-available anthelmintic agents.